Effects of paternal exposure to cigarette smoke on sperm DNA methylation and long-term metabolic syndrome in offspring

Table 1 Alterations in epigenetic indicators in smoking normozoospermic men

Parameters	N	SN
Cigarette pack years^a	0	15.00 ± 2.64
Age (years)	32.54 ± 0.60	34.13 ± 0.99
Sperm density (× 10⁶ cells/mL)	99.23 ± 10.54	91.53 ± 10.91
Semen volume (mL)	2.77 ± 0.18	2.93 ± 0.27
Sperm vitality (%)	85.54 ± 1.99	86.04 ± 1.47
Sperm motility (%)	63.00 ± 2.38	57.96 ± 2.17
Semen ROS (U/L)	1515 ± 520	3807 ± 912*
Sperm histone-transition abnormality	9.98 ± 0.88	12.92 ± 1.03*
Methylation level of sperm DNA (%)	1.94 ± 0.16	2.44 ± 0.16*

Data are presented as means ± SEM
N normozoospermic men who did not smoke; SN normozoospermic men who smoke heavily. ^aCigarette pack years was calculated by multiplying smoking dose (packs per day) by duration (years of smoking)
^*p < 0.05 compared to the N group

ISSN: 1756-8935