Fig. 3

Gene expression patterns in ventricles of 7-month-old and 9-month-old snapping turtles that had been incubated in normoxic or hypoxic conditions as embryos. Samples from the N21 cohort are shown with red circles and red lines, while the H10 cohort is shown with blue circles and blue lines. A Heatmap of RNA-Seq expression values for the 443 genes that were significantly affected by oxygen concentration during embryogenesis (Table 2), the oxygen concentration by age interaction (Table 3), and/or differed between ventricles from juvenile snapping turtles that had normal-sized or enlarged hearts relative to their body size (Table 4). Reverse transcription of total RNA and qPCR with rigorous standard curves were used to measure expression of 16 genes (B–Q) identified as differentially expressed in the RNA-Seq study. Significant differences between oxygen groups or oxygen by age interactions were confirmed for 14 genes (panels B through O), but not for 2 genes (panels P and Q). Expression levels are least squares means (± 1 SE) for each oxygen group at 7 and 9 months of age