Table 4 Levels of HMGN1 expression in different mouse models and cell lines
From: Shaking up the silence: consequences of HMGN1 antagonizing PRC2 in the Down syndrome brain
Mouse model | Triplicated regions/genes | Expression of HMGN1 | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Ts16 | Harbors triplication of Mmu16 | 1.6- fold increase in HMGN1 mRNA in the brain and a 3.3-fold increase in the whole trunk of fetuses | Pash et al. [192] |
Ts65Dn | Contains a fusion of the region of Mmu16 orthologous to Hsa21 and the centromeric region of Mmu17, containing a segment of non-DS-related genes | Increase in HMGN1 mRNA expression found in E15.5 embryonic forebrain tissue | Guedj et al. [197] |
Ts1Cje | Harbors partial triplication of Mmu16 (Sod1-Zbtb21 region) | Analysis of raw gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus for Ts1Cje and euploid cerebellar tissue revealed upregulation of HMGN1 mRNA | Kong et al. [201] |
HMGN1 was identified as one of 18 differentially expressed genes in the cerebellum of Ts1Cje mice versus disomic mice | Ling et al. [194] | ||
HMGN1 mRNA increase in the cerebellum at P0, P15, and P30 | Potier et al. [195] | ||
Dp1Tyb | Contains an additional copy of 63% of Mmu16 genes, orthologous to HSA21 genes | Increased HMGN1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus of adult mice | Lana-Elola et al. [199] |
TcMAC21 | Incorporates 93% of HSA21 protein coding genes as a separate chromosome | Increase in HMGN1 mRNA in forebrain tissue at P1 | Kazuki et al. [200] |
Gene expression omnibus of the national center for biotechnology information data from human DS brain tissue | Triplication of HSA21 | HMGN1 mRNA overexpressed in the hippocampus, cerebellar cortex, primary visual cortex, and pre-frontal cortex | Rodriguez-Ortiz et al. [203] |
HMGN1 mRNA upregulated 1.5 times in human DS tissue | Kong et al. [201] | ||
Human DS fibroblasts | Triplication of HSA21 | 1.6 fold increase in HMGN1 mRNA and 1.8 fold increase in HMGN1 protein levels in human DS fibroblasts | Pash et al. [193] |
Post-mortem DS tissue | Triplication of HSA21 | 1.6-fold increase in HMGN1 mRNA expression in the cerebellum and dorsal prefrontal cortex across multiple developmental periods | Olmos-Serrano et al. [202] |