Fig. 6

Model of the direct and indirect contribution of cohesin and CTCF to sex-biased liver gene expression. A1bg exemplifies direct regulation, where female-biased CTCF binding can explain the observed female-bias in looping interactions. C9 is an example of intra-TAD loops present in male and female liver that contribute indirectly to sex-biased gene expression. Not only does the intra-TAD loop insulate the lowly expressed sex-independent gene Dab2; it also brings the distal male-biased enhancer into close proximity. Likely additional factors, such as Mediator, YY1, or eRNAs, can contribute directly to the interactions observed in male liver. SI, Sex-independent