Fig. 3
Preconception paternal ethanol exposure imparts a legacy of increased hepatic fibrosis within the male offspring. RT-qPCR analysis of genes encoding pro-fibrotic structural proteins in the adult liver of a male and b female offspring (n = 8). RT-qPCR analysis of genes within the pro-fibrotic TGF-B signaling pathway in the livers of 8-week-old c male and d female offspring sired by ethanol-exposed and control males (n = 8). Total levels of cellular hydroxyproline within the e livers and f pancreas of 8-week-old offspring sired by ethanol-exposed and control males (n = 8). For RT-qPCR analyses, measured Ct values were normalized to the geometric mean of transcripts encoding Ywhaz, Hprt, and Mrpl1, and graphed relative to the control treatment. Graphs represent independent replicates, with two independent RT reactions and three RT-qPCR measurements for each RT. Data analyzed using either an unpaired t test or a two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak post hoc analysis. Error bars represent SEM *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 (comparisons between alcohol and control preconception treatments)