Fig. 7

AKG increases TET1 binding in TGFBR2/TGFBR3 genes with decreased methylation/hydroxymethylation and expression in diabetic rats. A, B The binding activity (enrichment) of A DNMT3B to TGFBR2 and B TET1 to TGFBR2 and TGFBR3 intronic regions in control and diabetic rats with or without AKG treatment. Gene-specific enrichment of C 5mC in TGFBR2 and D 5hmC in TGFBR3 intronic regions with or without AKG treatment. E, F Relative mRNA levels of E TGFBR2 and F TGFBR3 in the LV of control and diabetic rats with or without AKG treatment by qPCR analysis. For methylation and hydroxymethylation analysis, the relative enrichment of 5mC and 5hmC, respectively, was normalized to 10% input, and gene expression was normalized to β-actin. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD in three different animals. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post-test, where *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 vs control group, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.001 ###p < 0.0002 vs STZ