Fig. 2

Roles of non-coding RNAs in structural variation. a dlincRNA-mediated DSB repair. After DSBs, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) binds to the MRN complex and generates dilncRNAs, which are DDRNA precursors. Then, DDRNA pairs with nascent unprocessed single-stranded dilncRNAs, and they cooperate to bind to 53BP1 and fuel DNA damage response activation. b LncRNA can interact with multiple translocation partners. c RNAs are involved in the formation of chromatin loops through proper interaction with the RNA-binding region in CTCF. d The tapRNAs are co-expressed with their neighboring genes in a tissue-specific manner and they regulate genes by affecting topological conformations. e lncRNAs can modulate their target gene expression by promoting enhancer–promoter interactions. f RNAs interact with and recruit epigenome regulators such as components of PRC2 including EZH2 to the targeted locus, and then promote trimethylation of H3K27 in the targeted locus, thus inducing silencing of specific genes