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Table 1 PTMs of PRC2 subunits and their functions

From: Post-translational modifications of PRC2: signals directing its activity

Type of PTM Subunit Condition Modifying enzymes Sites (human residue) Function References
Methylation EZH2   PRC2 K510, K514 and K515 Facilitates PRC2 access to histone H3K27 substrate, critical for H3K27me3 catalysis [113, 125]
SUZ12   PRC2 Unknown Unknown [113]
JARID2   PRC2 K116 Allosteric activation of PRC2 [100]
Phosphorylation EZH2 IGF-induced PKB/Akt S21 Disturbs PRC2 interaction with histone H3, inhibits PRC2 catalytic activity, decreases H3K27me3 level [126]
   CDK1 T345 (mouse) Promotes PRC2 interaction with HOTAIR, recruitment, promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation [128, 134]
  TNFα p38α T372 (mouse) Enhances PRC2 interaction with YY1, recruitment [127]
   CDK2 T416 Enhances PRC2 interaction with NIPP1, recruitment [129, 130]
   AMPK T311 Disrupts binding to other PRC2 components, inhibits PRC2 catalytic activity [131]
   JAK3 Y244 Disrupts binding to other PRC2 components, inhibits PRC2 catalytic activity [132]
   CDK1 T487 (mouse) Disrupts binding to other PRC2 components, decreases H3K27me3 level, promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation [133, 134]
   CDK5 T261 Promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation [136]
   JAK2 Y641 Promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation [135]
SUZ12   PLK1 S539, S541 and S546 Disrupts binding to other PRC2 components, promotes ubiquitin-mediated degradation [137]
ESC (Drosophila)   CK1/CK2 N-terminus EED homodimerization and larger PRC2 complex stability [138]
Acetylation EZH2   PCAF K348 Enhances EZH2 stability [141]
Ubiquitination EZH2 Neuron differentiation Smurf2 K421 Promotes EZH2 degradation and subsequent PRC2 disassociation [144]
  CDK5-mediated phosphorylation at T261 β-TRCP (FBXW1) Unknown Promotes EZH2 degradation, inhibits PRC2 catalytic activity [136]
  JAK2-mediated phosphorylation at Y641 FBXW7 Unknown Promotes EZH2 degradation, inhibits PRC2 catalytic activity [135]
SUZ12 PLK1-mediated phosphorylation at S539, S541 and S546 Unknown Unknown Promotes SUZ12 degradation and subsequent PRC2 disassociation [137]
  DZNep treatment PRAJA1 Unknown Promotes EZH2, EED and SUZ12 degradation and subsequent PRC2 disassociation [145]
SUMOylation EZH2   Unknown Unknown Unknown [150]
SUZ12   PIASXβ K75 Unknown, dispensable for PRC2 localization and catalytical activity [150]
O-GlcNAcylation EZH2   OGT S73, S76, S84, S87 and T313 Enhances stability of isolated EZH2 [154, 155]
   OGT S729 Critical for H3K27me2/3 catalysis [155]
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Epigenetics & Chromatin

ISSN: 1756-8935