Table 4 Implications of CS-related microRNAs on inflammation
From: The role of cigarette smoke-induced epigenetic alterations in inflammation
miRNAs | Changes by CS | Functions on inflammation | Mechanism | Disease | References | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Let-7c | Anti-inflammation | Suppress NF-κB signaling Suppress STAT3 signaling | Endometritis COPD | Zhao et al. [181] Yu et al. [182] | 2019 2016 | |
miR-16 | Upregulation [196] | Pro-inflammation | Upregulated by NF-κB | Gastric cancer | Shin et al. [196] |  |
miR-21 | Pro-inflammation | Upregulated by NF-κB | Gastric cancer | Shin et al. [196] |  | |
miR-24 | Downregulation [194] | Anti-inflammation | Suppress TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB | IPF | Ebrahimpour et al. [194] | 2019 |
miR-29b | Downregulation [195] | Anti-inflammation | Reduce VEGF-A expression; meanwhile upregulated by NF-κB inhibitor | Breast cancer | Malik et al. [195] | 2018 |
miR-30 | Anti-inflammation | Inhibit NF-κB | N/A | Izzotti et al. [80] | 2009 | |
miR-132 | Downregulation [175] | Anti-inflammation | Repress SOCS5 expression | COPD | Diao et al. [175] | 2018 |
miR-135b | Upregulation [183] | Anti-inflammation | Upregulated by IL-1R1 and directly targets IL-1R1 in a negative regulatory feedback loop | N/A | Halappanavar et al. [183] | 2013 |
miR-145 | Downregulation [187] | Anti-inflammation | Suppress Kruppel-like 5 and NF-κB | COPD | Dang et al. [187] | 2019 |
miR-146a | Downregulation [80] | Anti-inflammation | Reduce CS-induced COX-2 production. | N/A | Zago et al. [180] | Â |
miR-149 | Downregulation [188] | Anti-inflammation | Inhibit the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway | COPD | Shen et al. [188] | 2017 |
miR-150 | Downregulation [189] | Anti-inflammation | Inactivate NF-κB | COPD | Xue et al. [189] | 2018 |
miR-181 | Downregulation [190] | Anti-inflammation | Inhibit CCN1 | COPD | Du et al. [190] | 2017 |
miR-195 | Upregulation [176] | Pro-inflammation Anti-inflammation | Elevate Akt phosphorylation by suppressing PHLPP2 expression Inhibit NF-κB and JNK signaling by repressing Smad7 | COPD Ulcerative colitis | Gu et al. [176] Chen et al. [177] | 2018 2015 |
miR-200 | Downregulation [197] | Anti-inflammation | Suppressed by NF-κB | Lung cancer | Zhao et al. [197] | 2013 |
miR-212 | Downregulation [191] | Anti-inflammation | Promote the phosphorylation of Akt. | COPD | Jia et al. [191] | 2018 |
miR-218 | Downregulation [192] | Anti-inflammation | Inactivate NF-κB | COPD | Conickx et al. [192] | 2017 |
miR-223 | Downregulation [80] Upregulation [186] | Anti-inflammation Pro-inflammation | Inhibit NF-κB by targeting IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Downregulate NLRP3 Suppress HDAC2 | Low back pain Inflammatory bowel disease COPD | Wang et al. [184] Neudecker et al. [185] Leuenberger et al. [186] | 2018 2017 2016 |
miR-320 | N/A | Anti-inflammation | Inhibit NF-κB | COPD | Faiz et al. [198] | 2019 |