Fig. 7

Insulin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes genome instability. a ROS induction in insulin-treated cells as measured by fluorescence signal from the CellROX green reporter. Nuclei are stained with DAPI. Magnification is ×40. b Representative immunofluorescence images showing intensity of γ-H2AX (DNA damage marker) (green) on MDA-MB-231 cells treated or untreated with Insulin (100 nM). Nuclei are stained with DAPI. Magnification is ×20. UT: untreated. (c) Western blot analysis for H3K9ac and γ-H2AX (DNA damage marker) on extracts from PBMCs isolated from insulin-sensitive (IS) and insulin-resistant (IR) individuals. d Densitometric quantification of H3K9ac/H3 western blot signals in (c). e Densitometric quantification of γH2AX/H3 western blot signals in (c). d–e Values are Mean + SEM; n = 5 for IS and n = 3 for IR PBMC lysates. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired Student’s t test. **p < 0.01