Fig. 5

a RA-induced anencephaly in C57BL/6 mouse embryos at 10.5 day. b Cranial neural tissue of normal and RA-induced mouse NTDs was harvested at E13.5 and analyzed H2AK119ub1 and Cul4b by western blotting. Aliquots of total lysates were immunoblotted to indicate antibody. c, d Representative images from immunohistochemical staining of H2AK119ub1 and Cul4b in the cranial neural tissue. Scale bars, 100 mm. e H2AK119ub1 and CUL4B expression scores are shown as box plots, with the horizontal lines representing the median. Data are mean ± SD. (n = 5),*P < 0.05, by Student’s t test. f Hox genes mRNA in cranial neural tissue of RA-induced mouse NTDs was measured by RT-qPCR. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3)