From: Decoding the role of TET family dioxygenases in lineage specification
Lineage | System | TET isoform | Phenotype | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ectoderm | Human ESCs | TET1/2/3Â triple knockout | Form fewer PAX6+ neuroectoderm cells | [14] |
 | Neuron stem cells | Tet1 or Tet2 knockdown | Reduce proliferation of neuron stem cells | [90] |
 | Cortex | Tet2 or Tet3 knockdown | Abnormal accumulation of cell clusters along the radial axis in the intermediate zone and ventricular zone | [34] |
 | Cerebellar granule cells | Tet1/3 double knockdown | Impair dendritic arborization of cerebellar granule cells | [77] |
 | Mouse ESCs | Tet3 knockout | Apoptosis of neuron progenitor cells and reduce terminal differentiated neurons | [24] |
 | Neurons | Tet1 knockout | Increase hippocampal long-term depression and impair memory extinction | [75] |
 | Neurons | Tet1 overexpression | Promote neurogenesis | [91] |
 | Retinal neurons | Tet2/3 double knockout | Defects in retinal cells terminal differentiation | [92] |
 | Cortical neurons | Tet2 knockdown | Reduce neuronal cells survival | [93] |
 | Head | Tet1 mutation | Defects in neural tube closure | [94] |
 | Eye and neural | Tet3 knockdown | Eye malformations and small head | [6] |
 | Oligodendrocyte precursor cells | Tet1, Tet2, or Tet3 knockdown | Reduce mature oligodendrocytes | [95] |
 | Olfactory sensory neurons | Tet3 overexpression | Disturb axon targeting and olfactory receptor expression | [47] |
 | Dental pulp cells | TET1 knockdown | Prevent the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp cells | [96] |
Mesoderm | Hematopoietic stem cells | Tet2 knockout | Enhance self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, expansion of myeloid progenitors | [97] |
 | Bone marrow cells | Tet2 knockdown | Enhance self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, expansion of myeloid progenitors | [31] |
 | Hematopoietic stem cells | Tet2/3 double knockout | Loss of hematopoietic stem cell-derived blood cells | [98] |
 | Human ESCs | TET2 knockdown | Impair hematopoietic cell differentiation | [27] |
 | T cells | Tet2/3 double knockout | Form more iNKT cell in the young mice, and skew major population to NKT17 cells | [74] |
 | Regulatory T cells | Tet2/3 double knockout | Less regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes | [86] |
 | Regulatory T cells | Tet1/2 double knockout | Less regulatory T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes | [83] |
 | T cells | Tet2 knockout | Impair Th1 and Th17 cells differentiation and cytokine genes induction | [38] |
 | T cell | Tet2 knockout | Promote memory CD8+ T cells differentiation after viral infection | [99] |
 | B cells | Tet2/3 double knockout | Block progenitor B cells differentiation and maturation | |
 | Mast cells | Tet2 knockout | Impair mast cell differentiation, cytokine production, and proliferation | [85] |
 | Erythroid cells | TET2 or TET3 knockdown | Delay differentiation of erythroid progenitors and regulate terminal differentiation | [84] |
 | Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells | Tet1/2 double knockout | Increase self-renewal of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and reduce osteogenic differentiation | [53] |
 | Smooth muscle cell | TET2 overexpression | Convert fibroblasts to smooth muscle cells | [51] |
 | Skeletal muscle myoblasts | Tet2 knockdown | Impair myoblast differentiation | [88] |
 | Cardiomyocyte | Tet2 knockdown | Downregulate genes related to cardiac muscle contraction and cardiac muscle fiber development | [10] |
Endoderm | Intestinal stem cell | Tet1 knockout | Form shorter intestine | [25] |
 | T84 colon adenocarcinoma cells | Tet1 knockdown | Dysregulate genes related to cell membrane and extracellular space | [100] |