Table 1 Overview of studies examining the epigenetic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to several compounds

Benzo[a]pyrene

Global and gene-specific hypomethylation

Upregulation of dnmt3b2

Downregulation of dnmt1 and dnmt3a2

Stimulation of Gnmt activity

[62, 99]

Androgens

Global hypomethylation

[77]

Arsenic

Differential spatiality-specific global methylation

[84]

Estrogens

Gene-specific hypomethylation: vasa

[85]

Nickel, cadmium

Gene-specific hypermethylation: vasa

[85]

Bisphenol-A

Gene-specific alterations of DNA methylation

Downregulation of dnmt1, dnmt3b3, dnmt3b4 ^a

[85, 122, 123]

Perfluorooctanoic acid

Gene-specific alterations of DNA methylation

[85]

S-(+) fipronil

Global and gene-specific hypermethylation

[90]

TCDD

Gene-specific hypomethylation: cfos

Gene-Specific hypermethylation: ahrra

Upregulation of dnmt1 and dnmt3b2

Downregulation of dnmt3a1, dnmt3b1 and dnmt3b4

[85, 92, 93]

Lead

Overall DNA hypomethylation

Inhibition of Dnmt1 activity

Downregulation of dnmt3b1 and dnmt3b3

[98]

Heat stress/copper

Upregulation of dnmt3 genes

[103]

Methylmercury

Differential methylation of noncoding DNA

[92]

MEHP, 5-azacytidine

Upregulation of dnmt1, dnmt3b1 and dnmt3b2

Downregulation of dnmt3a1 and dnmt3a2

Overall hypomethylation^b

[109]

Ethanol

Upregulation of specific miRNAs

[111]

Perfluorooctane sulfonate

Differential alterations of miRNAs abundance

[113]

DZNep

Gene-specific depletion of H3K27me3 and H3K9me3

[114]