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Table 2 Overabundance of methylated repeats upstream of the transcription starting site of differentially and non-differentially methylated genes compared to non-methylated genes in Chrysemys picta hatchlings

From: MeDIP-seq and nCpG analyses illuminate sexually dimorphic methylation of gonadal development genes with high historic methylation in turtle hatchlings with temperature-dependent sex determination

Number (#) and percentage (%) of methylated repeats

Number of gene bodies with methylated repeats at three distances of start codon

1 kb

5 kb

10 kb

Among all 17,646 methylated genes

16,791 (95.1%)

17,030 (96.5%)

17,202 (97.5%)

Among all 433 non-methylated genes

29 (6.7%)

90 (20.8%)

161 (37%)

Among the 2086 male-hypermethylated genes

1650 (79%)

1656 (79.3%)

1662 (79.7%)

Among the 2414 female-hypermethylated genes

1949 (80.7%)

1959 (81.1%)

1961 (81.2%)

Among the 840 methylated genes of interest (Additional file 1: Table S1, Additional file 1: Table S2, Additional file 1: Table S3, Additional file 1: Table S4, Additional file 1: Table S5, Additional file 1: Table S6, Additional file 1: Table S7, Additional file 1: Table S8)

822 (97.8%)

828 (98.6%)

831 (98.9%)

Male-hypermethylated repeat windows located near male-hypermethylated genes

681/946 (72%)

706/973 (72.6%)

718/989 (72.6%)

Female-hypermethylated repeat windows located near female-hypermethylated genes

801/1032 (77.6%)

816/1050 (77.7%)

825/1064 (77.5%)

  1. Repeats were overrepresented upstream of all methylated regions examined (Chi-square test P < 0.00001 in all cases) but not upstream of non-methylated genes